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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Congenital and developmental eyelid abnormalities.

William R Katowitz¹, James A Katowitz

¹Philadelphia, Pa. From the Oculoplastic and Orbital Surgery Service, Edwin and Fannie Gray Hall Center for Human Appearance, University of Pennsylvania, and the Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

|July 2, 2009

Summary

This study reviews congenital and developmental eyelid abnormalities in children, detailing various conditions and their management. It highlights challenges in surgical reconstruction and anesthetic considerations for pediatric patients.

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Isolation of Intact Eyeball to Obtain Integral Ocular Surface Tissue for Histological Examination and Immunohistochemistry

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Published on: October 20, 2019

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Surgical Correction for Pediatric Epiblepharon and Trichiasis

Published on: July 8, 2025

Isolation of Intact Eyeball to Obtain Integral Ocular Surface Tissue for Histological Examination and Immunohistochemistry

Isolation of Intact Eyeball to Obtain Integral Ocular Surface Tissue for Histological Examination and Immunohistochemistry

Published on: October 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Pediatric Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

Congenital and developmental eyelid abnormalities present significant challenges for reconstructive surgeons.
These conditions can manifest at birth (congenital) or during childhood development (developmental).

Purpose of the Study:

To review current evaluation and management strategies for various pediatric eyelid abnormalities.
To address the complexities of surgical reconstruction and anesthetic concerns in this patient population.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on congenital and developmental eyelid abnormalities.
Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for conditions like ptosis, colobomas, and others.

Main Results:

Eyelid abnormalities encompass a range of conditions including entropion, ectropion, ptosis, lid retraction, epicanthal folds, blepharophimosis, colobomas, cryptophthalmos, and canthal dystopias.
Management requires careful consideration of social factors and pediatric-specific anesthetic concerns.

Conclusions:

Effective management of pediatric eyelid abnormalities necessitates a comprehensive approach.
Current methods for evaluation and surgical intervention are reviewed for each specific entity.