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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Using mouse models to understand normal and abnormal urogenital tract development.

Cathy Mendelsohn¹

¹Departments of Urology; Genetics and Development and Pathology; Columbia University; New York, New York USA.

|July 2, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The common nephric duct (CND) does not form the trigone but undergoes apoptosis, allowing ureter separation during development. This process, crucial for normal ureter maturation, offers insights into congenital urinary tract abnormalities.

Keywords:

apoptosis bladder common nephric duct development obstruction reflux ureter maturation urinary tract

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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Published on: August 14, 2019

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Published on: July 18, 2025

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Urology
Cell Biology

Background:

Patent connections between kidneys, ureters, and bladder are vital for blood detoxification.
The Ureteral Bud Theory proposed the common nephric duct (CND) forms the trigone and repositions the ureter.
Ureteral abnormalities like obstruction and reflux affect 1-2% of the population.

Purpose of the Study:

To re-examine the Ureteral Bud Theory using new mouse models.
To clarify the role of the CND in ureter maturation and trigone formation.
To investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying ureter repositioning.

Main Methods:

Morphological analysis of developing mouse urinary tracts.
Lineage tracing studies to track CND and ureter cell fate.
Examination of CND apoptosis during ureter maturation.

Main Results:

The CND does not differentiate into the trigone; instead, it undergoes apoptosis.
Apoptosis of the CND facilitates ureter separation from the Wolffian duct.
Bladder expansion ultimately positions the ureter orifice at the bladder neck.

Conclusions:

The CND undergoes programmed cell death (apoptosis), not trigone differentiation.
Ureter separation and repositioning are driven by CND apoptosis and bladder growth.
Understanding these mechanisms may illuminate causes of congenital ureteral abnormalities.