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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

08:13
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
Published on: May 10, 2019
Unmixing for race making in Brazil
1University of California, Department of Sociology, 3151 Social Science Plaza, Irvine, California 92697-5100, USA. bailey@uci.edu
AJS; American Journal of Sociology
|July 3, 2009
Summary
Brazil
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Political Science
- Racial Studies
Background:
- Brazil's traditional embrace of mixed-race classification is shifting.
- The state is adopting racial quotas based on a black/white dichotomy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the impact of race-targeted policies on racial boundary formation.
- To explore how inclusionary policies can shape racial categories.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of attitudinal survey data on race-targeted policies.
- Utilized racial classification tasks, including comparison to photographs.
- Employed a split-ballot experiment to assess quota mentions.
Main Results:
- Nearly half of mixed-race individuals chose "whiteness" when limited to dichotomous classification.
- A majority rejected mixed-race individuals for quota eligibility.
- Mentioning black-specific quotas nearly doubled the selection of "black" as a category.
Conclusions:
- State policies, even those promoting inclusion, actively shape racial classifications.
- Inclusionary policies can redefine racial boundaries and group identities.
- Brazil's shift illustrates how states "make race" through policy.
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