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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking
14:21

Creating Dynamic Images of Short-lived Dopamine Fluctuations with lp-ntPET: Dopamine Movies of Cigarette Smoking

Published on: August 6, 2013

Pre-quitting nicotine replacement therapy: findings from a pilot study.

Chris Bullen1, Robyn Whittaker, Natalie Walker

  • 1Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Tobacco Induced Diseases
|July 3, 2009
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Summary

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) used before quitting smoking was acceptable and tolerable for most participants. This pre-quitting NRT approach helped reduce cigarette consumption and urges to smoke.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a cost-effective smoking cessation tool.
  • Limited data exists on the acceptability and tolerability of using NRT while continuing to smoke before quitting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the acceptability and tolerability of using NRT while smoking for two weeks prior to cessation.
  • To gather data for a randomized controlled trial comparing pre-quitting NRT with standard NRT-based quitting.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, pragmatic, uncontrolled pilot study involving 14 adult smokers from a smoking cessation clinic.
  • Participants used nicotine patches or gum for two weeks before quitting, with weekly follow-ups, urine cotinine tests, and diary entries.

Main Results:

  • Only 21% of participants reported concerns about using NRT while smoking.
  • Of those followed up, 56% experienced no adverse symptoms, and cotinine levels decreased.
  • Participants reduced daily cigarette intake, reported increased control, and showed determination to quit.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-quitting NRT use over two weeks appears to allow smokers to self-regulate nicotine intake.
  • Symptoms of nicotine toxicity were infrequent and mild, suggesting good tolerability.