Effects of red wine on endothelial function: postprandial studies vs clinical trials

There are several epidemiological studies suggesting that moderate daily consumption of red wine may reduce cardiovascular risk. Additionally, results from a great number of in vitro studies indicate that constituents found in red wine are responsible for quite a few beneficial effects on endothelial cells. However, comparison of postprandial studies and clinical trials concerning red wine consumption leads to controversial results about its effect on endothelial function and especially flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Endothelial function is an early indicator of atherosclerosis and vessel damage and at the same time, it is an independent prognostic factor for cardiovascular risk. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the known acute postprandial effects of red wine consumption, which is highly advised by dieticians and doctors, especially in high-risk populations, such as patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

This is a review of studies investigating acute and short-term effects of red wine on endothelial function, as well as relevant in vitro studies.

Analysis of all data about the acute effects of red wine constituents on endothelial function, is inconclusive and it is obvious that new studies are necessary in order to elucidate this matter. Undoubtedly, one should be very careful in suggesting red wine consumption in high-risk populations, as its acute postprandial effect is not yet clear.