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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

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Published on: May 20, 2019

Dose-dependent melanonychia by mitoxantrone.

C Reinsberger¹, S G Meuth, H Wiendl

¹Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Julius-Maximilians-University, Wuerzburg, Germany. Reinsberger_C@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de

Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

|July 3, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mitoxantrone treatment for multiple sclerosis can cause unusual thumb and index finger hyperpigmentation, known as melanonychia. This case highlights a rare side effect without broader skin discoloration.

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Area of Science:

Dermatology
Neurology
Pharmacology

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
Mitoxantrone is an immunosuppressive chemotherapy agent used in treating certain types of MS.
Cutaneous hyperpigmentation is a known, albeit uncommon, side effect of mitoxantrone therapy.

Observation:

A 43-year-old female patient with MS developed hyperpigmentation of her left thumb and index finger weeks after starting mitoxantrone.
The discoloration, identified as melanonychia, appeared without concurrent hyperpigmentation in other tissues.
A dose reduction of mitoxantrone resulted in a slight fading of the nail pigmentation.

Findings:

This case represents the first reported instance of mitoxantrone-induced melanonychia occurring in isolation, without generalized skin hyperpigmentation.
The selective nature of the pigmentation suggests a targeted effect on nail matrix melanocytes.
Potential mechanisms include localized melanocyte activation or endocrine alterations impacting melanocyte-stimulating hormone.

Implications:

This finding expands the known spectrum of mitoxantrone's dermatological side effects.
It underscores the importance of monitoring for specific, localized adverse reactions during mitoxantrone treatment.
Further research may elucidate the precise pathogenesis of selective melanonychia, potentially revealing novel insights into melanocyte regulation.