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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...

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Fluorescent Calcium Imaging and Subsequent In Situ Hybridization for Neuronal Precursor Characterization in Xenopus laevis
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An update on nuclear calcium signalling.

Martin D Bootman1, Claire Fearnley, Ioannis Smyrnias

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Signalling, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK. martin.bootman@bbsrc.ac.uk

Journal of Cell Science
|July 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear calcium (Ca2+) signaling is crucial for cellular functions. This commentary explores how the nucleus generates its own Ca2+ transients, influencing gene transcription and cellular activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nuclear calcium (Ca2+) signaling is increasingly recognized for its role in cellular processes.
  • The interplay between nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic Ca2+ activity is complex and not fully understood.
  • Previous research has focused on characterizing the generation and reversal of nuclear Ca2+ signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe mechanisms of nuclear calcium (Ca2+) signaling.
  • To discuss the origin and physiological significance of nuclear Ca2+ transients.
  • To highlight the nucleus's autonomous Ca2+ signaling system and its role in gene transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on nuclear Ca2+ signaling.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence regarding nuclear Ca2+ transients.
  • Analysis of the roles of nuclear pores and the nuclear envelope in ion flux.

Main Results:

  • The nucleus possesses an autonomous Ca2+ signaling system capable of generating its own transients.
  • Nuclear Ca2+ transients modulate key cellular processes, including gene transcription.
  • Nuclear pores and the nuclear envelope play critical roles in regulating nucleoplasmic Ca2+ levels.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear Ca2+ signaling is an autonomous system with significant physiological roles.
  • Understanding nuclear Ca2+ dynamics is essential for comprehending cellular regulation.
  • Further research into nuclear ion flux control is warranted.