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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Related Experiment Video

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A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

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Published on: January 24, 2016

Structures of three distinct activator-TFIID complexes.

Wei-Li Liu1, Robert A Coleman, Elizabeth Ma

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Genes & Development
|July 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

DNA-binding activators regulate gene expression by interacting with the TFIID complex. This study reveals distinct contact sites and localized structural changes in TFIID upon binding different activators, offering insights into transcription initiation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Sequence-specific DNA-binding activators are crucial for controlling gene expression.
  • Activators interact with the TFIID complex to facilitate transcription initiation.
  • The specific binding surfaces and structural consequences of activator-TFIID interactions remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To structurally analyze the interactions between TFIID and distinct DNA-binding activators.
  • To identify common or unique contact regions and structural alterations in TFIID upon activator binding.
  • To provide nanoscale insights into activator-dependent TFIID assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional structure determination of TFIID bound to p53, Sp1, and c-Jun using electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction.
  • Biochemical mapping analysis to identify contact regions.
  • Comparison of structural changes induced by different activators.

Main Results:

  • Distinct contact regions within TFIID were identified for each of the three tested activators (p53, Sp1, c-Jun).
  • Unlike the Mediator complex, holo-TFIID exhibited localized and conserved structural changes upon activator binding.
  • These localized changes suggest specific structural adaptations of TFIID to different activators.

Conclusions:

  • Activator binding to TFIID induces specific, localized structural changes rather than global rearrangements.
  • The distinct contact sites and induced structural features provide nanoscale details of activator-TFIID interactions.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to deciphering the mechanisms of transcription initiation.