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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

Experience-dependent gene expression in adult visual cortex.

Jiabin Chen¹, Homare Yamahachi, Charles D Gilbert

¹The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|July 3, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adult visual cortex plasticity, crucial for learning and recovery after injury, involves molecular changes. Gene expression analysis identified the Rho GTPase family, linking neural activity to cortical reorganization.

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In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

Published on: January 5, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Molecular Biology
Visual System Research

Background:

Adult cortical plasticity enables perceptual learning and functional recovery after brain injury.
Remapping of visual cortex topography after retinal lesions provides a model for studying plasticity.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving this reorganization is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the signal transduction cascades involved in adult visual cortex plasticity.
To identify molecular players in cortical remapping following binocular retinal lesions.
To explore the role of gene expression in functional reorganization.

Main Methods:

Utilized a Macaque primary visual cortex (V1) model of remapping after retinal lesions.
Employed gene microarrays to analyze gene expression in the lesion projection zone (LPZ) and surrounding areas.
Confirmed gene expression changes using Quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization.

Main Results:

Microarray analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression within the LPZ.
The Rho GTPase family of genes was identified as participating in the remapping process.
Quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization validated these findings.

Conclusions:

The Rho GTPase family plays a role in adult cortical plasticity.
Regulation of cytoskeleton assembly by Rho GTPases may link neural activity changes to cortical reorganization.
This study provides insights into the molecular basis of visual cortex functional recovery.