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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Trichomoniasis01:18

Trichomoniasis

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections in the United States. This extracellular parasite primarily colonizes the lower genitourinary tract in women—particularly the vagina—and in men, the urethra and prostate. Its structural and functional adaptations enable its survival, motility, and pathogenicity within the host environment.Structural Features and Host EntryT.
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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Generation of Multivirus-specific T Cells to Prevent/treat Viral Infections after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
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Common variable immunodeficiency: etiological and treatment issues.

Sean Deane1, Carlo Selmi, Stanley M Naguwa

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California 95616, USA.

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
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PubMed
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Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) involves reduced immunoglobulins, leading to infections and other complications. Advances in understanding immune pathways and management have improved patient outcomes despite incomplete knowledge of CVID

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID) is a frequent, poorly understood immunodeficiency syndrome.
  • CVID is characterized by reduced serum immunoglobulins, recurrent infections, and increased risk of autoimmune diseases and malignancies.
  • Management involves immunoglobulin replacement therapy, but complications can arise from therapy and CVID itself.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of knowledge regarding Common Variable Immune Deficiency (CVID).
  • To synthesize findings on the molecular basis, immune pathway involvement, and management of CVID.

Main Methods:

  • A literature review was conducted.
  • 753 publications from 1968 to 2008 were screened, with 189 selected for discussion.

Main Results:

  • The molecular pathogenesis of CVID remains incompletely understood in many cases.
  • Significant progress has been made, revealing involvement of multiple immune activation pathways with contributions from T and B cells.
  • Advances in management have improved survival and reduced morbidity in CVID patients.

Conclusions:

  • Despite knowledge gaps in molecular pathogenesis, understanding of CVID has advanced significantly.
  • Current management strategies have led to improved clinical outcomes for individuals with CVID.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular basis of CVID.