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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Photonic crystal lens for coupling two waveguides.

Margarita I Kotlyar1, Yanis R Triandaphilov, Alexey A Kovalev

  • 1Image Processing Systems Institute of the RAS, S. P. Korolyov Samara State Aerospace University, 151 Molodogvardeiskaya, Samara, 443001, Russia.

Applied Optics
|July 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A novel silicon photonic crystal lens efficiently couples light between waveguides. This nanophotonic device achieves sub-micrometer focal spot sizes, demonstrating its potential for integrated optics.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanophotonics
  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Integrated photonic devices are crucial for optical communication and sensing.
  • Efficient light coupling between waveguides of different dimensions is a key challenge.
  • Photonic crystals offer unique optical properties for miniaturized devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, fabricate, and characterize a novel nanophotonic device.
  • To demonstrate efficient light coupling from a wide waveguide to a narrow one using a photonic crystal lens.
  • To determine the focal spot size and coupling efficiency of the device.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 2D photonic crystal lens in silicon-on-insulator.
  • Integration of the lens with planar waveguides of 4.5 µm and 1 µm widths.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

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  • Characterization of light intensity reduction with off-axis displacement.
  • Optical simulation to determine transmittance and focal spot size.

    • Main Results:

    • A photonic crystal lens (3x4 µm) was successfully fabricated.
    • An 8-fold reduction in output light intensity was observed with a 1 µm off-axis displacement, indicating a focal spot < 1 µm.
    • Maximum transmittance at 1.55 µm with 73% coupling efficiency.
    • Simulated focal spot size in air is 0.32λ (Full Width at Half Maximum).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed photonic crystal lens enables efficient light coupling between waveguides of different sizes.
    • The device achieves sub-micrometer focusing, suitable for high-density photonic integrated circuits.
    • This nanophotonic device shows promise for advanced optical applications.