Speciation and structural study of U(IV) and -(VI) in perchloric and nitric acid solutions

In order to elucidate the uranium solution chemistry at the high HNO(3) concentrations typically employed for the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels, speciation and complex structures of U(IV) and U(VI) are studied in aqueous HNO(3) solutions, as well as in HClO(4) solutions, by means of UV-visible-near-infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies and density functional theory calculations. In 1.0 M HClO(4), U(IV) exists as a spherical cation of U(4+), which is surrounded by 9-10 water molecules in the primary coordination sphere, while it forms a colloidal hydrous oxide, U(IV)O(2) x nH(2)O, at a lower acidic concentration of 0.1 M HClO(4). U(VI) exists as a transdioxo uranyl cation, UO(2)(2+), and forms a 5-fold pure hydrate complex of [U(VI)O(2)(H(2)O)(5)](2+) in 1.0 M HClO(4). With increasing HNO(3) concentration, the water molecules of the U(IV) and U(VI) hydrate complexes are successively replaced by planar bidentate coordinating nitrate ions (NO(3)(-)), forming dominant species of [U(IV)(H(2)O)(x)(NO(3))(5)](-) in 9.0 M HNO(3) and [U(VI)O(2)(NO(3))(3)](-) in 14.5 M HNO(3), respectively. The present multitechnique approach also suggests the formation of two intermediate U(VI) species, a 5-fold mononitrato complex ([U(VI)O(2)(H(2)O)(3)(eta(2)-NO(3))](+)) and a 6-fold dinitrato complex ([U(VI)O(2)(H(2)O)(2)(eta(2)-NO(3))(2)](0)), involving an increase in the total coordination number on the uranyl(VI) equatorial plane from 5 to 6 with increasing HNO(3) concentration. The presence of unidentate coordinate nitrato complexes or tetranitrato U(VI) complexes is less probable in the present HNO(3) system.