Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Isolation Protocol of Mouse Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells and Their Subsequent In Vitro Activation with Tumor Immune Complexes
Published on: May 31, 2018
Protease-activated receptor 2 mediates interleukin-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in response to
Introduction:
We investigated the mechanisms by which extracts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans affect the inflammatory response in gingival epithelial cells.
Methods:
Human gingival cells (Ca9-22) were cultured in bacterial extracts prepared from A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29522. The cells were pretreated with protease inhibitors or transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific for protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2).
Results:
The pretreatment of cells with serine protease inhibitors significantly inhibited A. actinomycetemcomitans extract-induced expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. In addition, A. actinomycetemcomitans extract-induced IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression was significantly decreased in PAR-2/siRNA-transfected cells.
Conclusions:
A. actinomycetemcomitans extract-induced IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression in gingival epithelial cells is mediated by PAR-2.
Related Concept Videos
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions
Some...
Adherens Junctions
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Activation of Integrins
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
TGF - β Signaling Pathway

