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Optogenetic Activation of Afferent Pathways in Brain Slices and Modulation of Responses by Volatile Anesthetics

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[Functional pathophysiology of consciousness].

Kurt A Jellinger¹

¹Institut für Klinische Neurobiologie, Wien. kurt.jellinger@univie.ac.at

Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie Und Rehabilitation : Organ Der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte Und Psychiater

|July 4, 2009

Summary

Consciousness is the awareness of self and environment, involving complex neuronal processes. The ascending reticular system (ARAS) and cortical networks are key, with damage leading to various disorders.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Philosophy of Mind
Cognitive Science

Context:

Historical perspectives from Locke and Descartes on consciousness.
Modern scientific definition as awareness of self and environment.
Brain as the seat of consciousness, recognized since ancient Egypt.

Purpose:

To summarize the functional anatomy and pathophysiology of consciousness.
To explore cognitive aspects and major disorders of consciousness.
To review causes and functional substrates of consciousness disorders, including sleep-related and iatrogenic conditions.

Summary:

Consciousness involves complex neuronal networks, including the mesencephalic ascending reticular system (ARAS) and cortical networks.
The ARAS regulates alertness and arousal, while cortical networks handle recognition, memory, and attention.
Disorders of consciousness result from damage to these functional levels, psychogenic factors, or experimental manipulation.

Impact:

Provides a critical summary of consciousness bases, disorders, and substrates.
Highlights the role of the ARAS and cortical networks in maintaining consciousness.
Emphasizes the detectability of lesions via electrophysiological and imaging studies.