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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration01:30

Mechanism of Breathing I: Inspiration

Introduction to Inspiration: The Respiratory System in Action
The respiratory system, an essential network for breathing, comprises the conducting and respiratory zones, each playing a crucial role in the overall process of respiration. Let us explore the detailed mechanism of inspiration, or inhalation, which is the first phase of the respiratory cycle.
Pathway of Air during Inspiration
During inspiration, air enters our body through the nose or mouth and moves through the conducting zone,...
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...

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Electrophysiology on Isolated Brainstem-spinal Cord Preparations from Newborn Rodents Allows Neural Respiratory Network Output Recording
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Foreword: Respiratory rhythmogenesis.

Gerard Hilaire1, Mathias Dutschmann

  • 1Maturation, Plasticity, Physiology and Pathology of Respiration (mp3-resp team), Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 6231, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France. m.dutschmann@leeds.ac.uk

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
|July 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This research explores neuronal mechanisms for breathing control, including development and evolution. It links synaptic dysfunction to breathing disorders in neurodevelopmental diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Neurobiology

Background:

  • This special issue covers synaptic mechanisms, membrane properties, plasticity, and development of neurons in respiratory rhythm generation and chemosensitivity.
  • It examines the evolutionary origins of these vital neuronal systems.

Discussion:

  • The collection links pathophysiological alterations in synaptic function to breathing disorders.
  • Specific focus is given to neurodevelopmental diseases and their impact on respiratory control.

Key Insights:

  • Summarizes current research on the fundamental properties of respiratory neurons.
  • Highlights the connection between synaptic function and breathing disorders.

Outlook:

  • Future research directions in respiratory neurobiology.
  • Potential therapeutic targets for breathing disorders associated with neurodevelopmental conditions.