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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
14:27

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

Endocannabinoid signaling and long-term synaptic plasticity.

Boris D Heifets1, Pablo E Castillo

  • 1Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.

Annual Review of Physiology
|July 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) regulate brain signaling and are crucial for functions like memory. This review explores eCB-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD) mechanisms and their role in synaptic plasticity.

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3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
14:27

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice
11:13

Long-term Potentiation of Perforant Pathway-dentate Gyrus Synapse in Freely Behaving Mice

Published on: November 29, 2013

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
07:13

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous signaling molecules regulating synaptic transmission in the central nervous system.
  • eCBs influence diverse neural functions, including feeding, cognition, and behavior.
  • Understanding exogenous and endogenous cannabinoid effects on behavior is of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD).
  • To explore the regulatory influences controlling eCB-LTD induction and expression.
  • To discuss the physiological relevance of eCB-LTD in synaptic plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on endocannabinoid signaling.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms of eCB-LTD.
  • Examination of regulatory factors affecting eCB-LTD.

Main Results:

  • eCB-LTD is a widespread form of synaptic plasticity in the brain.
  • eCB-LTD exhibits conserved induction and expression mechanisms across synapses.
  • Regulatory influences on eCB-LTD are complex and emerging.
  • eCB-LTD possesses computational properties like coincidence detection and input specificity.

Conclusions:

  • eCB-LTD plays a critical role in higher CNS functions, including learning and memory.
  • Further research is needed to fully uncover the regulatory mechanisms and physiological significance of eCB-LTD.