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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
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Changes in dynamic trunk/head stability and functional reach after hippotherapy.

Tim L Shurtleff1, John W Standeven, Jack R Engsberg

  • 1Human Performance Laboratory, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. shurtlefft@wusm.wustl.edu

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|July 7, 2009
PubMed
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Hippotherapy significantly enhances head/trunk stability and upper extremity reaching in children with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy (SDCP). These improvements persist even after the therapy concludes, supporting functional task development.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Rehabilitation
  • Movement Science

Background:

  • Spastic diplegia cerebral palsy (SDCP) often impairs head/trunk stability and upper extremity (UE) function in children.
  • Traditional therapies may not fully address these specific motor control deficits.
  • Hippotherapy offers a novel therapeutic approach utilizing equine movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of hippotherapy in improving head/trunk stability and UE reaching/targeting in children with SDCP.
  • To assess the retention of therapeutic gains after a washout period.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-post study design involving 11 children with SDCP and 8 typically developing controls.
  • A 12-week hippotherapy intervention followed by a 12-week washout period.

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  • Motion capture technology and functional reach/targeting tests were used to quantify changes in stability and UE function.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant improvements in head/trunk stability and UE reaching/targeting were observed after 12 weeks of hippotherapy.
    • Large effect sizes were noted for changes in stability, reaching, elapsed time, and reach/path ratio.
    • The observed improvements were maintained following the 12-week washout period.

    Conclusions:

    • Hippotherapy is an effective intervention for enhancing head/trunk stability and UE reaching/targeting in children with SDCP.
    • The gains achieved through hippotherapy provide a foundational skill set for functional tasks, potentially improving occupational performance and participation.
    • The sustained improvements suggest long-term benefits of hippotherapy for children with SDCP.