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Related Concept Videos

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Limits to Natural Selection01:38

Limits to Natural Selection

Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.For one, natural selection can only act upon existing genetic variation. Hypothetically, redtusks may enhance elephant survival by deterring ivory-seeking poachers. However, if there are no gene variants—or alleles—for redtusks, natural selection cannot increase the prevalence of...

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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Mutate now, die later. Evolutionary dynamics with delayed selection.

Andreea Munteanu1, Peter F Stadler

  • 1ICREA-GRIB Complex Systems Lab, UPF, Parc de Recerca Biomedica Barcelona Dr Aiguader 88, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. andreea.munteanu@upf.edu

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|July 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delayed selection in population genetics can lower extinction thresholds, risking population survival. However, this evolutionary delay leaves no detectable trace in genetic sequence diversity.

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Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
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Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

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Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Population genetics
  • Evolutionary dynamics
  • Theoretical biology

Background:

  • Classical evolutionary dynamics assume direct proportionality between fitness and reproduction.
  • Deleterious mutations can have delayed effects, allowing reproduction for generations.
  • Compensatory mutations may repair damage during the delay, preventing sterility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the evolutionary consequences of selection with delay.
  • To investigate the impact of delayed selection on population genetics.
  • To determine the detectability of delayed selection in genetic data.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of population genetics models.
  • Theoretical modeling of evolutionary dynamics with delayed selection.
  • Analysis of genetic sequence diversity patterns.

Main Results:

  • Delayed selection reduces the extinction threshold, increasing extinction risk.
  • Population survival is endangered by the effects of delayed selection.
  • No discernible traces of delayed selection were found in population sequence diversity.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed selection poses a significant threat to population survival.
  • The effects of delayed selection are difficult to detect in genetic data.
  • Delayed selection may be a widespread but under-recognized evolutionary phenomenon.