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Physiological attributes of triathletes.

R Suriano¹, D Bishop

¹School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Australia. robsuriano@westnet.com.au

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

|July 7, 2009

Summary

Elite triathletes demonstrate maximal oxygen uptake (V(O2max)) values comparable to single-sport endurance athletes. Despite training for three disciplines, their physiological capacities remain high, challenging previous assumptions.

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Area of Science:

Sports Physiology
Exercise Science
Endurance Sports

Background:

Triathlons integrate swimming, cycling, and running as sequential endurance events.
Previous research from the 1980s suggested triathletes had lower maximal oxygen uptake (V(O2max)) than single-sport athletes.
An updated comparison is needed to assess current elite triathletes' physiological capacities.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the maximal oxygen uptake (V(O2max)) and submaximal physiological parameters of elite triathletes with single-sport endurance athletes.
To determine if physiological capacities are compromised by cross-training in three disciplines.
To update previous findings on triathlete physiological performance.

Main Methods:

Review of existing studies comparing physiological attributes of triathletes and single-sport endurance athletes.
Analysis of maximal oxygen uptake (V(O2max)) data.
Examination of submaximal physiological parameters, including lactate and ventilatory thresholds.

Main Results:

Elite international-level triathletes exhibit V(O2max) values indicative of success in endurance sports.
Physiological parameters at submaximal workloads, such as ventilatory threshold, are comparable to trained cyclists and runners.
Observed differences among triathletes exist, but reported submaximal values align with single-sport athletes.

Conclusions:

Elite triathletes possess physiological capacities similar to single-sport endurance athletes.
Dividing training time among three disciplines does not appear to compromise key physiological metrics.
Current elite triathletes' performance reflects high aerobic fitness across disciplines.