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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

BCOR regulates mesenchymal stem cell function by epigenetic mechanisms.

Zhipeng Fan1, Takayoshi Yamaza, Janice S Lee

  • 1Lab of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.

Nature Cell Biology
|July 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mutations in the BCL-6 co-repressor (BCOR) disrupt gene silencing, leading to increased osteo-dentinogenic potential in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This epigenetic mechanism explains abnormal root growth seen in oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome.

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • The BCL-6 co-repressor (BCOR) is crucial for repressing gene transcription via interaction with BCL-6.
  • Mutations in BCOR cause oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome, a rare genetic disorder with distinct craniofacial, dental, ocular, and cardiac anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal osteo-dentinogenesis in OFCD syndrome.
  • To investigate the role of BCOR in regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation and gene expression.
  • To identify the epigenetic pathways affected by BCOR mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from an OFCD patient.
  • Gain- and loss-of-function assays to study AP-2alpha's role in osteo-dentinogenesis.
  • Analysis of histone methylation marks (H3K4 and H3K36) in MSCs.

Main Results:

  • BCOR mutation significantly enhanced the osteo-dentinogenic potential of OFCD patient-derived MSCs.
  • AP-2alpha was identified as a direct target of BCOR repression, and its aberrant activation mediates increased osteo-dentinogenesis.
  • BCOR mutations led to increased H3K4 and H3K36 methylation, reactivating previously silenced genes and disrupting tissue homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • BCOR plays a critical role in maintaining epigenetic control over adult stem cell function, including osteo-dentinogenesis.
  • Aberrant AP-2alpha activation due to BCOR loss-of-function is a key driver of the dental abnormalities in OFCD syndrome.
  • This study reveals a novel epigenetic mechanism by which BCOR regulates tissue homeostasis and stem cell potential, offering insights into rare genetic disorders.