Biomarkers and Bioassays for Cardiovascular Diseases: Present and Future

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Biomarker Discovery
• Genomics

Background:

• Current cardiac patient stratification relies on acute cardiac biomarkers like troponin (cTn) and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB).
• There is an ongoing need for improved risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and future biomarkers and bioassays for identifying at-risk cardiac patients.
• To explore novel biomarkers for enhanced risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on cardiac biomarkers.
• Analysis of studies investigating novel biomarkers such as interleukin-6, soluble CD40L, C-reactive protein, myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP-14), and others.
• Examination of genomic tools and platelet transcriptome associations with myocardial infarction.

Main Results:

• Established biomarkers include cardiac troponin (cTn) and creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB).
• Emerging biomarkers like interleukin-6, soluble CD40L, C-reactive protein, MRP-14, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), leukotriene A(4) hydrolase (LTA4H), and myocyte enhancing factor 2A (MEF2A) show links to ACS.
• Genomic studies reveal associations between platelet transcriptome, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

• Novel biomarkers offer potential for improved risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome.
• Future personalized disease-prevention programs may integrate genomic, thrombotic, and cardiovascular profiles.
• Continued research into biomarkers and bioassays is crucial for identifying at-risk patients.