Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
Published on: July 4, 2013
Violent patient behavior is associated with bodily pain and a high burden on informal caregivers
Yosuke Yamamoto1, Yasuaki Hayashino, Shin Yamazaki
1Department of Epidemiology and Healthcare Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan. yamamotoy2@gmail.com
Background:
There have been no studies of the relationship between violent behavior by older patients and the physical and mental health of caregivers.
Objective:
To evaluate the influence of violent behavior in vulnerable elderly patients on bodily pain and caregiver burden in their informal caregivers.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Subjects:
One hundred thirty-seven patients aged > or =40 years old with limited activity and mobility in ten facilities providing home-care services in Japan.
Measurements:
Degree of caregiver-perceived violent patient behavior and caregivers' bodily pain derived from a self-administered questionnaire, and caregiver burden assessed using scores from both the Burden Index of Caregivers and the Zarit Burden Interview.
Results:
The mean age of the 137 patients enrolled in this study was 80.9 years. Of these patients, 31.4% were men, and 34.3% had violent behavior. The mean caregiver age was 65.0 years, and 29.2% were men. Caregivers who looked after violent patients experienced significantly higher odds of having bodily pain [AOR = 3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.81 to 6.85]. Caregivers of violent patients also reported significant caregiver burden as assessed by the Burden Index of Caregivers (beta-coefficient = 4.92; 95% CI: 1.95 to 7.88) and the Zarit Burden Interview (beta-coefficient = 5.81; 95% CI: 2.92 to 8.70).
Conclusions:
Violent behavior among older patients is associated with significant increases in both physical and psychological burden in their informal caregivers.
Related Concept Videos
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Aggression
Techniques of therapeutic communication I: Active Listening, Sharing Observations, Validation, and Using Touch
Therapeutic communication is not the same as social interaction. Social interaction has no goal or purpose and consists of casual information sharing, whereas therapeutic communication has a plan or purpose for the conversation. Therapeutic...
Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Bullying
Classification of Illness
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
