Multiple major artery compression by an idiopathic aortic aneurysm: an unusual cause of hypertensive encephalopathy

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Surgery
• Vascular Surgery
• Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

• Aortic aneurysms are uncommon in children, often linked to infections or connective tissue disorders.
• Idiopathic aortic aneurysms are exceptionally rare in the pediatric population.
• Compression of major abdominal arteries by an aortic aneurysm presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of a pediatric patient with an idiopathic suprarenal aortic aneurysm.
• To describe the diagnostic workup and surgical management of this condition.
• To review the existing literature on pediatric aortic aneurysms causing major artery compression.

Main Methods:

• Case report of an 8-year-old boy with hypertensive encephalopathy.
• Diagnostic imaging to identify a symptomatic suprarenal aortic aneurysm.
• Surgical intervention including arterial engraftment of renal and inferior mesenteric arteries.

Main Results:

• Successful identification of an idiopathic aortic aneurysm compressing multiple abdominal arteries.
• Management with antihypertensive medications and subsequent arterial reconstruction.
• Demonstration of a viable treatment strategy for a rare pediatric vascular condition.

Conclusions:

• Idiopathic aortic aneurysms, though rare, can occur in children and lead to significant complications.
• Multidisciplinary management is crucial, involving medical and surgical interventions.
• This case contributes to the limited literature on pediatric aortic aneurysms, emphasizing the need for awareness and tailored treatment approaches.