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Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...

Smallpox

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Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.

Acne Infection

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Published on: January 19, 2014

Scabies.

Maria I Hicks¹, Dirk M Elston

¹Geisinger Dermatology, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA. mihicks@geisinger.edu

Dermatologic Therapy

|July 8, 2009

Summary

Scabies, a mite infestation affecting 300 million globally, is diagnosed clinically and confirmed microscopically. Treatment with permethrin or ivermectin is common, though symptoms may persist post-treatment due to reinfection.

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Parasitology
Public Health

Background:

Scabies is a contagious skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis.
Approximately 300 million cases occur worldwide annually.
Predisposing factors include overcrowding, poor hygiene, homelessness, and sexual contact.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of scabies.
To highlight common diagnostic challenges and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

Clinical diagnosis based on pruritus, distribution, and family history.
Microscopic identification of mites, eggs, or fecal pellets using potassium hydroxide, ink, or mineral oil.
Alternative diagnostic methods include epiluminescence microscopy and S. scabiei DNA detection.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Published on: January 19, 2014

Main Results:

Skin-to-skin contact for 15-20 minutes is required for transmission.
Permethrin and ivermectin are the primary treatment options.
Symptom persistence (2-6 weeks) is common, often due to reinfection from untreated contacts.

Conclusions:

Scabies diagnosis requires a combination of clinical suspicion and laboratory confirmation.
Effective treatment and management of contacts are crucial to prevent recurrence.
Public health strategies should address predisposing factors like overcrowding and poor hygiene.