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Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Microbial Interactions: Parasitism

Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
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Diverticular Disease of the Colon

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Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the biosynthesis of the...
Giardiasis01:12

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

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Murine Distal Colostomy, A Novel Model of Diversion Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice
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Published on: July 12, 2018

Parasitism and colic.

Craig R Reinemeyer1, Martin Krarup Nielsen

  • 1East Tennessee Clinical Research, Inc., 80 Copper Ridge Farm Road, Rockwood, TN 37854, USA. crr@easttenncr.com

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Common equine parasites rarely cause systemic illness in well-managed horses. Only three specific internal parasites, Strongylus vulgaris, Parascaris equorum, and Anoplocephala perfoliata, are likely to cause colic in horses.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Equine Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Equids host numerous internal parasites, with most horses experiencing continuous parasitism, especially on pasture.
  • While parasitic damage occurs in various tissues, systemic manifestations are uncommon in well-managed horses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific equine internal parasites most likely to cause colic.
  • To detail the life cycles, pathophysiology, clinical signs, treatment, and management of these colic-inducing parasites.
  • To differentiate these from other equine parasites less likely to cause colic.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on equine internal parasites and their clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of pathological evidence linking specific parasites to colic.

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  • Discussion of life cycles, disease progression, and diagnostic findings for key parasites.

    • Main Results:

    • Contrary to common belief, only three parasites frequently cause colic in horses: Strongylus vulgaris, Parascaris equorum, and Anoplocephala perfoliata.
    • Other internal parasites, while present, are less likely to manifest as colic.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate identification and targeted management of Strongylus vulgaris, Parascaris equorum, and Anoplocephala perfoliata are crucial for preventing colic in horses.
    • Understanding parasite life cycles and pathophysiology aids in effective treatment and prevention strategies.