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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Endotoxin Activity Assay for the Detection of Whole Blood Endotoxemia in Critically Ill Patients
06:28

Endotoxin Activity Assay for the Detection of Whole Blood Endotoxemia in Critically Ill Patients

Published on: June 24, 2019

Update on treatments for endotoxemia.

Gal Kelmer1

  • 1Large Animal Department, Koret Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel. kelmerg@agri.huji.ac.il

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Endotoxemia, a serious complication of colic in horses, causes significant illness and death. This review covers how it develops, current treatments, and emerging therapies for equine endotoxemia.

Area of Science:

  • Equine medicine
  • Veterinary pharmacology
  • Animal pathology

Background:

  • Endotoxemia is a critical factor in equine colic, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of endotoxemia is crucial for effective colic management in horses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of endotoxemia in horses experiencing colic.
  • To summarize established and novel therapeutic strategies for equine endotoxemia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles and veterinary clinical studies.
  • Synthesis of information on endotoxemia pathogenesis and treatment efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of the inflammatory cascade triggered by endotoxins in horses with colic.

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Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
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  • Overview of current treatments including fluid therapy, antimicrobials, and anti-endotoxin therapies.
  • Introduction to new therapeutic approaches and their potential benefits.

    • Conclusions:

    • Effective management of equine colic requires a thorough understanding of endotoxemia.
    • Established treatments remain vital, but new advances offer promising improvements in outcomes for horses with colic and endotoxemia.