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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies
07:12

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Published on: November 19, 2020

Diffuse optical imaging.

Adam Gibson1, Hamid Dehghani

  • 1Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. agibson@medphys.ucl.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diffuse optical imaging, an advanced medical imaging technique, extends near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for clinical use. This review covers its applications in functional brain imaging and breast cancer detection, highlighting its current state.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is evolving from laboratory research to clinical applications.
  • It builds upon near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which has niche clinical and research uses.
  • DOI employs advanced image reconstruction from multiple NIRS measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of diffuse optical imaging technology.
  • To detail key clinical applications of DOI.
  • To discuss emerging areas and future directions in optical imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diffuse optical imaging.
  • Detailed examination of functional brain imaging applications.
  • Analysis of breast cancer imaging techniques using DOI.

Main Results:

  • DOI shows promise for functional brain imaging and breast cancer detection.
  • The technique is expanding beyond its current niche applications.
  • Emerging areas include small animal imaging and multimodality approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Diffuse optical imaging is a rapidly advancing field with significant clinical potential.
  • Further development is expected in image reconstruction and application diversity.
  • DOI is poised to become an important tool in medical diagnostics and research.