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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics01:16

Antihypertensive Drugs: Action of Diuretics

Diuretics are antihypertensive drugs used to treat hypertension resulting from sodium and water retention. Sodium, vital for fluid balance and nerve or muscle function, is regulated by the kidneys through millions of nephrons. Blood enters nephrons via afferent arterioles, which branch into capillaries called glomeruli. These filter blood plasma, allowing water and solutes, like sodium ions, to pass through capillary walls into Bowman's capsule. The filtrate then flows through various tubules...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...

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DRESS syndrome caused by nitrofurantoin.

M S Velema1, H J Voerman

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Amstelland Hospital, Amstelveen, the Netherlands.

The Netherlands Journal of Medicine
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Nitrofurantoin can cause rare but severe systemic side effects. A patient developed DRESS syndrome, characterized by rash, eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms, including circulatory and renal failure.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Nitrofurantoin is a common antibiotic used for urinary tract infections.
  • Systemic side effects, though rare, can be severe and life-threatening.
  • Pulmonary involvement and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are known serious adverse events.

Observation:

  • A case report details a patient experiencing circulatory and renal failure.
  • The patient also presented with eosinophilia and a distinct rash.
  • These symptoms collectively indicate a severe drug reaction.

Findings:

  • The observed clinical presentation is consistent with Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome.
  • This specific case highlights nitrofurantoin as a potential trigger for DRESS syndrome.

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  • The combination of organ failure, rash, and eosinophilia is a critical diagnostic triad.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of recognizing DRESS syndrome as a potential nitrofurantoin adverse effect.
    • Early diagnosis and management of DRESS syndrome are crucial for patient outcomes.
    • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for severe drug reactions when patients present with similar symptoms after nitrofurantoin use.