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Related Concept Videos

Extracellular Matrix01:26

Extracellular Matrix

Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. This extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of fibrous proteins like collagen, elastin, and fibronectin in a ground substance consisting of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans. The proteoglycans form a gel-like material in the spaces between cells and provide hydration, buffering, binding, and force...
The Extracellular Matrix01:42

The Extracellular Matrix

In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.Composition of the Extracellular MatrixThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse molecules.
The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...
Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance01:17

Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance

One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. It plays a significant role in the functioning of this tissue. The major component of the matrix is a...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...

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Application of Atomic Force Microscopy to Detect Early Osteoarthritis
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Dynamic compressive behavior of human meniscus correlates with its extra-cellular matrix composition.

P Bursac1, S Arnoczky, A York

  • 1Sports Medicine Group, RTI Biologics, Inc., Alachua, FL 32615, USA. pbursac@rtix.com

Biorheology
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Knee meniscus stiffness depends on its composition. Higher glycosaminoglycan and lower water content increase stiffness, crucial for joint health and biomechanics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedic Biomechanics
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • The knee meniscus is vital for joint biomechanics and cartilage health.
  • Understanding meniscus form-function relationships requires exploring its biochemical components.
  • Previous research identified general matrix structure-function links but not specific biochemical roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate human meniscus dynamic and static compressive modulus with major extracellular matrix constituents.
  • Investigate the influence of collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and water content on meniscus viscoelasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 12 lateral and 11 medial human menisci from 13 adult donors.
  • Assessed dynamic and static compressive modulus under varying loading frequencies.
  • Quantified collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and water content of the meniscal tissue.

Main Results:

  • Menisci exhibit rubber-like elasticity at high frequencies (0.1-1 Hz) and viscous dissipation at low frequencies (0.01-0.03 Hz).
  • Compressive moduli were insensitive to collagen content (p>0.4).
  • Compressive moduli significantly increased with glycosaminoglycan content (p<0.001) and decreased with water content (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Viscoelastic behavior of the meniscus is significantly influenced by its glycosaminoglycan and water content.
  • These findings highlight specific biochemical factors governing knee meniscus mechanical properties.
  • Understanding these relationships is key for advancing knee joint biomechanics research and treatments.