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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation00:57

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
The phase in which the compounds linger or on which the compounds adsorb is called the stationary phase, whereas the mobile phase is the solvent that carries the solutes to be analyzed. In traditional column chromatography, the mixture flows through the stationary phase, and the compounds partition between the stationary and mobile phases...
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Automated HPLC Separation Using LC-Mate: An Integrated Repetitive Autosampler and Fraction Collector for Microscale Purification
07:11

Automated HPLC Separation Using LC-Mate: An Integrated Repetitive Autosampler and Fraction Collector for Microscale Purification

Published on: February 27, 2026

Preparative optical chromatography with external collection and analysis.

Sean J Hart1, Alex Terray, Jonathan Arnold

  • 1Naval Research Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Bio/Analytical Chemistry, Washington, DC 20375, USA. sean.hart@nrl.navy.mil

Optics Express
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical chromatography uses laser beams to separate microscopic particles in fluid flow. This technique enables tunable filtering and purification of biological and colloidal samples, demonstrated for pathogen detection.

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Detection of Regulated Ergot Alkaloids in Food Matrices by Liquid Chromatography-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
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Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Particle separation is crucial in various scientific fields, including biology and materials science.
  • Existing separation techniques may have limitations in terms of resolution, sample manipulation, or applicability to delicate biological samples.
  • Optical forces offer a non-contact method for manipulating microscopic particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of optical chromatography for preparative separation of microscopic particles.
  • To explore the use of an optically tunable filter for polymeric/colloidal and biological sample purification.
  • To showcase the integration of optical chromatography with advanced imaging and detection methods.

Main Methods:

  • Optical chromatography was employed, utilizing a laser beam focused into a counter-flowing fluid.
  • Particles were trapped axially by the laser and moved upstream until optical and fluid forces balanced.
  • The technique was combined with epi-fluorescence microscopy and used for sample purification prior to real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection.

Main Results:

  • Successful separation of microscopic particles based on their physical and chemical properties was achieved.
  • An optical chromatography beam filling a fluid channel functioned as an optically tunable filter.
  • The method demonstrated effective sample purification for sensitive pathogen detection, specifically for Bacillus anthracis spores.

Conclusions:

  • Optical chromatography is a powerful technique for the preparative separation and purification of diverse microscopic samples.
  • The integration with microscopy and RT-PCR highlights its utility in sensitive biological analysis and diagnostics.
  • This method offers a versatile platform for applications requiring precise particle manipulation and sample preparation.