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Related Concept Videos

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.
Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals02:38

Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single electrons in each orbital combine to form an electron pair. The strength of a covalent bond depends on the extent of overlap of the orbitals involved. Maximum overlap is possible when the orbitals overlap on a direct line between the two nuclei.
A σ bond (single bond in a Lewis structure) is a covalent bond in which the electron density is...
Valence Bond Theory02:45

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Valence Bond Theory02:42

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
MO Theory and Covalent Bonding02:40

MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

Published on: January 9, 2014

Creating certainty and confidence with indirect bonding.

Larry White1

  • 1larrywwhite@hotmail.com

World Journal of Orthodontics
|July 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indirect bonding is a superior orthodontic bracket placement technique. This paper introduces a new method to make indirect bonding faster and more pleasant for patients and orthodontists.

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Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices
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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding
10:32

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Published on: January 9, 2014

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices
04:54

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Published on: January 17, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Materials Science

Background:

  • Indirect bonding offers advantages for bracket placement on teeth.
  • Limited adoption by orthodontists is due to cost, expertise, and inconsistent outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an improved indirect bonding technique.
  • To streamline the bracket bonding process for efficiency and improved patient/clinician experience.

Main Methods:

  • Details of a novel indirect bonding protocol are described.
  • The method aims to simplify the procedure for wider clinical application.

Main Results:

  • The presented method is designed to expedite chair time during bonding appointments.
  • It aims to enhance the overall comfort and satisfaction for both patients and clinicians.

Conclusions:

  • This indirect bonding approach offers a practical solution to common clinical challenges.
  • It has the potential to increase the utilization of this superior orthodontic technique.