Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Assessing Urinary Tract Junction Obstruction Defects by Methylene Blue Dye Injection
Published on: October 12, 2017
Female urethral diverticulum: a pathological insight
Matvey Tsivian1, Alexander Tsivian, Letizia Shreiber
1Department of Urologic Surgery, The E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O. Box 5, Holon 58100, Israel.
Introduction And Hypothesis:
In this study, we define the histopathological features of female urethral diverticula and attempt to elucidate its pathogenesis and etiology.
Methods:
We analyzed 22 clinical records of women diagnosed with urethral diverticula. We collected clinical, surgical, and pathological data. Pathological re-assessment was performed using hematoxylin-eosin and van Gieson stains.
Results:
The predominant epithelial types were squamous (41.9%), columnar (31.8%), combined squamous and columnar (18.2%), and cuboidal (13.6%). There was no case of the transitional type. Epithelial ulcerations were present in nine cases. The diverticular wall was composed only of fibrous collagen tissue in all cases. Inflammatory signs were noted in 77.3% of specimens.
Conclusions:
Histopathological features of female urethral diverticula match the criteria for paraurethral cysts. Concomitant use of synthetic meshes should be avoided due to the possibility of an infectious etiology. Transvaginal excision of the sac is recommended, while transurethral procedures are contraindicated.
Related Concept Videos
Diverticular Disease of the Colon
Ureters
Urethra
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male urethra is...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

