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Congenital CMV infection; diagnosis in symptomatic infants

I Gandhoke1, R Aggarwal, S A Hussain

  • 1Department of Microbiology, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Directorate General of Health Services, 22 Shamnath Marg, Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|July 9, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in infants is crucial. Micro-capture ELISA is a sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective method for detecting CMV, outperforming PCR.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Congenital infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), pose significant health risks to newborns.
  • Samples from symptomatic infants are routinely tested for etiological agents like CMV.
  • Maternal CMV infection is a primary concern for congenital transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a rapid and accurate diagnostic technique for congenital CMV infection.
  • To compare the efficacy of micro-capture ELISA and PCR in diagnosing congenital CMV.

Main Methods:

  • Selected 125 infants with suspected congenital CMV infection.
  • Tested infant serum for CMV-IgM antibodies using micro-capture ELISA.
  • Analyzed infant urine and serum samples for CMV DNA using PCR.
  • Assessed maternal serum for CMV-IgM and IgG antibodies.

Main Results:

  • 21.6% of infants tested positive for CMV-IgM antibodies.
  • 20% of samples showed CMV DNA amplification via PCR; all PCR-positive samples were IgM-positive.
  • Mothers of infected infants predominantly had CMV-IgG antibodies, indicating past exposure, not acute infection.

Conclusions:

  • Micro-capture ELISA demonstrated higher sensitivity (92.6%) than PCR for congenital CMV detection.
  • ELISA is a rapid, less cumbersome, and cost-effective diagnostic method for CMV infection.
  • The findings support ELISA as a preferred method for diagnosing congenital CMV.
Abstract

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