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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous overlap of p...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide
08:01

Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide

Published on: June 28, 2019

Cyclic arsenic-nitrogen cations.

Axel Schulz1, Alexander Villinger

  • 1Universität Rostock Institut für Chemie Albert-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany. axel.schulz@uni-rostock.de

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

New cyclic arsenic-nitrogen salts were synthesized, featuring bulky groups and various anions. Researchers established a link between salt color and the distance between arsenic cations and anions.

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cyclic arsenic-nitrogen compounds are underexplored heterocyclic systems.
  • Bulky substituents are crucial for stabilizing reactive inorganic cations.
  • Understanding cation-anion interactions is key to tuning material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and characterize novel cyclo-diarsa-diazenium salts.
  • Investigate the structural diversity and reactivity of these arsenic-nitrogen heterocycles.
  • Establish correlations between structural features and observable properties like color.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of cyclo-diarsa-diazenium salts with bulky supermesityl and m-terphenyl groups.
  • Characterization using spectroscopic and analytical techniques.

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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
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Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

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Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
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Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
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Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

  • Investigation of anion exchange reactions with trimethylsilyl azide and gallium trichloride.

    • Main Results:

    • First synthesis of a binary cyclic As(III)/N four-membered heterocyclic cation.
    • Formation of cationic arsenic azide salts via Cl(-)/N(3)(-) exchange.
    • Observation of different salts depending on stoichiometry, including mixtures.
    • Correlation established between salt color and anion/cation distance (2-8 Å).

    Conclusions:

    • The novel cyclo-diarsa-diazenium cation represents a new class of arsenic-nitrogen heterocycles.
    • Anion and substituent choice significantly influences the structure and properties of these salts.
    • The established color-distance correlation provides insights into solid-state interactions in these systems.