Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What are Estimates?01:06

What are Estimates?

It isn't easy to measure a parameter such as the mean height or the mean weight of a population. So, we draw samples from the population and calculate the mean height or mean weight of the individuals in the sample. This sample data acts as a representative measure of the population parameter. These sample statistics are known as estimates. 
The estimate for the mean of a sample is denoted by ͞x, whereas the mean of the population is designated as μ. Further, parameters such as the mean,...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
Modeling and Similitude01:12

Modeling and Similitude

Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis01:23

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least squares (OLS)...
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A theory of multiattribute search and choice.

Psychological review·2026
Same author

Perceptual similarity mostly ignores within-category feature distributions: Evidence from computational modeling of human categorizations.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same author

Learning Type I and Type II regularities between multiple sequentially presented stimulus categories.

Psychological research·2025
Same author

Parameter estimation of hyper-spherical diffusion models with a time-dependent threshold: An integral equation method.

Behavior research methods·2025
Same author

Structural projections to the nucleus accumbens link to impulsive components of human risk preference.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025
Same author

Feedback based on simple strategies facilitates strategy execution and selection in foraging.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2025
Same journal

Testing the predictions of a distinctiveness model of memory: The production effect in backward recall.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

On the impact of adjacency on transposed-word effects under serial presentation.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

It's time to opt out: Metacognitive analysis of time regulation under uncertainty.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

The role of statistical learning in attentional guidance during search through naturalistic scenes.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Representing objects and features in long-term memory: A case for direct feature-feature binding.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
Same journal

Crossmodal correspondences influence adaptation during rule-based category learning of objects.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

Models of quantitative estimations: rule-based and exemplar-based processes compared.

Bettina von Helversen1, Jörg Rieskamp

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Bettina.Vonhelversen@unibas.ch

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|July 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive processes for quantitative estimation depend on the task. Rule-based models best predict estimations when cue knowledge is high, while exemplar models are better when cue knowledge is low.

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Making

Background:

  • Cognitive processes for quantitative estimation are known to vary.
  • Previous research suggested task-contingent shifts between rule-based and exemplar-based processes.
  • A simple rule-based mapping model challenged exemplar models in tasks presumed to favor exemplar-based processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying assumptions of rule-based versus exemplar-based models of cognitive processes.
  • To test the influence of task knowledge on the applicability of different cognitive models for quantitative estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Two studies were conducted to compare the predictive accuracy of rule-based (mapping model) and exemplar-based models.
  • Participant estimations were analyzed under conditions varying in the availability and ease of acquiring knowledge about cues.

Main Results:

  • The rule-based mapping model accurately predicted quantitative estimations when participants possessed existing knowledge about the relevant cues.
  • An exemplar model provided a better description of participants' estimations when knowledge about cues was difficult to acquire.

Conclusions:

  • The findings highlight the significant task contingency of cognitive processes in quantitative estimation.
  • The results underscore the importance of considering the nature of knowledge acquisition when modeling cognitive strategies.