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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management01:19

Mitral Valve Prolapse III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
05:31

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas

Published on: January 26, 2024

Preeclampsia--a placenta developmental biology perspective.

Debra Goldman-Wohl1, Simcha Yagel

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel. dwohl@hadassah.org.il

Journal of Reproductive Immunology
|July 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Preeclampsia involves immune factors like HLA-G and decidual NK cells. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) also plays a key role in preeclampsia development.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Immunology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Preeclampsia pathogenesis is complex with multiple proposed pathways.
  • Placental developmental biology offers unique insights into preeclampsia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review contributions to preeclampsia understanding from placental developmental biology.
  • To highlight the roles of immune components and anti-angiogenic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature.
  • Focus on placental developmental biology perspectives.

Main Results:

  • An immune component involving HLA-G expression is implicated.
  • Decidual Natural Killer (NK) cells demonstrate beneficial functions.
  • Anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) is crucial in preeclampsia development.

Conclusions:

  • Immune dysregulation and anti-angiogenic factors are central to preeclampsia.
  • Further research into these pathways can inform therapeutic strategies.