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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Identification and Analysis of Mouse Erythroid Progenitors using the CD71/TER119 Flow-cytometric Assay

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Published on: August 5, 2011

Defining APOBEC3 expression patterns in human tissues and hematopoietic cell subsets.

Fransje A Koning¹, Edmund N C Newman, Eun-Young Kim

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London School of Medicine, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology

|July 10, 2009

Summary

Human APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F) are key antiviral factors. A3G is more abundant than A3F, suggesting a greater role in inhibiting HIV-1. Both are induced by interferon, but protein levels vary by cell type.

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Ex vivo Mimicry of Normal and Abnormal Human Hematopoiesis

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Published on: April 10, 2012

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Human APOBEC3 enzymes are DNA cytidine deaminases with antiviral properties.
APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F) inhibit HIV-1 but are counteracted by HIV-1 Vif.
These enzymes are expressed in various immune cells and tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively analyze the gene expression of human APOBEC3 enzymes, particularly A3G and A3F.
To understand the regulation of A3G and A3F expression in response to immune stimuli.
To compare the relative abundance and expression patterns of A3G and A3F.

Main Methods:

Quantification of mRNA copy numbers for A3G and A3F.
Analysis of gene expression in response to T-cell activation and cytokines (e.g., IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma).
Immunoblotting to assess protein levels of A3G.

Main Results:

A3G mRNA is approximately 10-fold more abundant than A3F mRNA.
A3G and A3F mRNA levels are significantly induced by IFN-alpha in macrophages and dendritic cells, and by IFN-alpha in naive CD4(+) T cells.
IFN-alpha induces A3G protein in macrophages and DCs, but not T cells; A3A expression is highly sensitive to IFN-alpha in multiple cell types.

Conclusions:

A3G is likely the predominant anti-HIV-1 factor in vivo due to its higher mRNA abundance.
Interferon-alpha plays a crucial role in inducing APOBEC3 expression in immune cells.
APOBEC3A may be involved in early innate antiviral responses, independent of HIV-1 inhibition.