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Studying Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Pseudomonas Infection in Lung Epithelial Cells

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Smoking cessation alters subgingival microbial recolonization.

S C Fullmer¹, P M Preshaw, P A Heasman

¹Section of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, 4111 Postle Hall, 305 W. 12 Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|July 10, 2009

Summary

Smoking cessation significantly alters the subgingival microbial community, a key factor in periodontitis. This shift in bacterial profiles after quitting smoking contributes to improved periodontal health.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Periodontology
Oral Health

Background:

Periodontitis is a common oral disease primarily caused by subgingival biofilm.
While smoking cessation improves clinical periodontitis symptoms, its impact on the subgingival microbial community remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To longitudinally investigate the effect of smoking cessation on the composition of the subgingival microbial community.
To determine if changes in bacterial profiles correlate with improved periodontal health post-cessation.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study design involving smokers undergoing root planing and cessation counseling.
Subgingival plaque samples collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment.
Quantitative, cultivation-independent bacterial profiling using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP).

Main Results:

Significant differences in microbial profiles were observed between smokers and quitters at 6 and 12 months.
The subgingival microbial community in quitters showed significantly divergent profiles compared to baseline and persistent smokers.
Alterations in specific bacterial levels contributed to the observed shifts in the microbial community.

Conclusions:

Smoking cessation plays a critical role in modifying the subgingival biofilm composition.
Changes in the subgingival microbial community following smoking cessation represent a potential mechanism for improved periodontal health.
This study highlights the importance of smoking cessation as an adjunct therapy for periodontitis management.