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Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division

Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
Several proteins function as internal regulators to ensure each cell cycle stage is completed faithfully before proceeding to the next. Regulator molecules may act directly or influence the activity or production of other...
Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
14:40

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes

Published on: March 19, 2012

H1 subtype expression during cell proliferation and growth arrest.

Nicole Happel1, Julia Warneboldt, Kristina Hänecke

  • 1Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. nhappel@gwdg.de

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|July 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Histone H1 subtypes show varied cell cycle expression. Replication-dependent H1 subtypes and H1x exhibit distinct mRNA and protein level regulation, supporting functional heterogeneity in H1 histone subtypes.

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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
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Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
14:40

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes

Published on: March 19, 2012

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols
12:02

Studying Cell Cycle-regulated Gene Expression by Two Complementary Cell Synchronization Protocols

Published on: June 6, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Histone H1 subtypes display differential expression patterns throughout the cell cycle.
  • Replication-dependent H1 subtypes are synthesized during S phase, while H1.0 is also expressed in non-proliferating cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the cell cycle-dependent expression of all five replication-dependent H1 subtypes, H1.0, and H1x.
  • To investigate differential regulation of H1 histone subtypes at mRNA and protein levels.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time RT-PCR for mRNA analysis.
  • Immunoblotting for protein level analysis.
  • HeLa cells arrested in G1 phase using sodium butyrate.

Main Results:

  • mRNA levels of replication-dependent H1 subtypes decreased to varying extents upon G1 arrest.
  • Individual replication-dependent H1 subtypes showed similar mRNA kinetics during S phase, but protein levels varied.
  • H1x mRNA and protein levels remained largely unchanged throughout G1 and S phases.

Conclusions:

  • Cell cycle-dependent expression of H1 subtypes is differentially regulated at both mRNA and protein levels.
  • Observed differential regulation supports the hypothesis of functional heterogeneity among H1 histone subtypes.