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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

NKT cells in mucosal immunity.

S Middendorp1, E E S Nieuwenhuis

  • 1Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. s.middendorp@erasmusmc.nl

Mucosal Immunology
|July 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are crucial for maintaining gut immune balance. Understanding NKT cell functions in the intestine offers potential for new therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal tract harbors a vast bacterial population, requiring a delicate balance between immune tolerance to commensals and defense against pathogens.
  • Dysfunctional interactions between mucosal immune cells and the gut microbiota are linked to inflammatory disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a unique T cell subset, play a significant role in intestinal immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of NKT cells within the context of intestinal immunology.
  • To highlight the mechanisms by which NKT cells contribute to mucosal immune responses.
  • To explore the potential of NKT cell-based strategies for treating human intestinal diseases.

Main Methods:

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Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies
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Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies

Published on: February 15, 2021

Induced Differentiation of M Cell-like Cells in Human Stem Cell-derived Ileal Enteroid Monolayers
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Induced Differentiation of M Cell-like Cells in Human Stem Cell-derived Ileal Enteroid Monolayers

Published on: July 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation
18:08

Interview: Glycolipid Antigen Presentation by CD1d and the Therapeutic Potential of NKT cell Activation

Published on: December 31, 2007

Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies
08:37

Purification and Expansion of Mouse Invariant Natural Killer T Cells for in vitro and in vivo Studies

Published on: February 15, 2021

Induced Differentiation of M Cell-like Cells in Human Stem Cell-derived Ileal Enteroid Monolayers
11:34

Induced Differentiation of M Cell-like Cells in Human Stem Cell-derived Ileal Enteroid Monolayers

Published on: July 26, 2019

  • Review of existing literature on NKT cell biology and function in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Discussion of NKT cell antigen recognition via CD1d and MR1 molecules.
  • Analysis of NKT cell-mediated cytokine production and its impact on mucosal immunity.

    • Main Results:

    • NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by MHC class I-like molecules CD1d and MR1.
    • Activated NKT cells rapidly secrete diverse cytokines crucial for regulating mucosal immunity.
    • Expanding knowledge on NKT cell pathways and antigen identification is key.

    Conclusions:

    • NKT cells are integral to maintaining intestinal homeostasis and immune surveillance.
    • Further elucidation of NKT cell functions and antigen specificity will pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions.
    • NKT cell-based therapies hold promise for managing inflammatory conditions of the human intestine.