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Related Concept Videos

Photosystems01:32

Photosystems

Photosystems are multiprotein complexes that form the functional units of photosynthesis in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. They are found embedded in the membrane of tiny sac-like structures called thylakoids placed inside the chloroplast.
Functioning of Photosystems
Photosystems contain many pigment molecules, such as chlorophylls and carotenoids, arranged in a particular organization across two domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Photosystem II01:22

Photosystem II

The multi-protein complex photosystem II (PS II) harvests photons and transfers their energy through its bound pigments to its reaction center, and ultimately to photosystem I (PSI) through the electron transport chain. The pigments responsible for caputirng the light energy in photosystems include chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.
The pigment molecules are arranged across  two photosystem domains — the antenna complex and the reaction center. The main aim of the pigment molecules...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries
11:22

High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries

Published on: August 12, 2019

Photoactive corrole-based arrays.

Lucia Flamigni1, Daniel T Gryko

  • 1Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF), CNR, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy. flamigni@isof.cnr.it

Chemical Society Reviews
|July 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Corroles, a new class of tetrapyrroles, are explored for light energy conversion. This review details their properties and use in creating efficient photo-active molecular arrays for chemical energy storage.

Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Molecular energy conversion
  • Bio-inspired materials

Background:

  • Light energy conversion relies on molecular structures to store energy as chemical potential.
  • Tetrapyrroles are common in bio-mimetic light-harvesting systems.
  • Corroles represent a novel class of tetrapyrroles with potential in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of corroles in light energy collection and conversion.
  • To present the electrochemical and photophysical properties of corroles relevant to energy storage.
  • To discuss the stability and preparation of corrole-containing photo-active molecular arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on corrole properties and applications.
  • Analysis of electrochemical and photophysical data for corrole units.

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An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by Gallium(III) and H3 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles
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An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by Gallium(III) and H3 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles

Published on: March 18, 2015

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High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries
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Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions

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An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by Gallium(III) and H3 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles
09:00

An In Vitro Enzymatic Assay to Measure Transcription Inhibition by Gallium(III) and H3 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corroles

Published on: March 18, 2015

  • Discussion of stability and synthetic strategies for corrole-based systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Corroles exhibit relevant electrochemical and photophysical properties for light energy conversion.
    • Photo- and thermal stability of corroles are key considerations for their application.
    • Improvements in the preparation of photo-active molecular arrays incorporating corroles have been achieved.

    Conclusions:

    • Corroles show promise as components in artificial photosynthesis and energy storage systems.
    • Further research into corrole stability and synthetic methods will enhance their utility.
    • This review highlights the growing role of corroles in advanced molecular materials.