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Updated: Jun 21, 2026
In Vivo Two-Photon Microscopy of Single Nerve Endings in Skin
Published on: August 24, 2014
Wide-field spatial mapping of in vivo tattoo skin optical properties using modulated imaging
Frederick R Ayers1, David J Cuccia, Kristen M Kelly
1University of California-Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California 92612, USA. fayers@uci.edu
Background And Objectives:
Modulated imaging is a new modality capable of wide-field, spatially resolved measurement of in vivo optical properties. Based on spatial light modulation, the method is inexpensive, non-contact, and allows spatial mapping of tissue absorption and reduced scattering coefficients at any wavelength between 450 and 1,100 nm. Currently, clinicians rely on qualitative visual inspection to guide parameter selection for laser-based tattoo removal. MI provides quantitative measurements of multi-colored tattooed skin which may help guide treatment and objectively assess response.
Study Design/Materials And Methods:
We have measured the spatially varying optical properties of multi-colored tattooed skin over a 50 mm x 50 mm field of view at wavelengths ranging from 650 to 970 nm using MI. These measurements were compared to a similar field of view of non-tattooed skin from an adjacent area.
Results:
We have determined the differentiated optical properties in vivo of multi-colored tattooed skin versus non-tattooed skin.
Conclusions:
MI provides spatially resolved quantitative information with potential for quantitative assessment of response to treatment and may provide guidance for laser tattoo removal in the future.
