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Related Concept Videos

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses01:25

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...

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Diagonal Method to Measure Synergy Among Any Number of Drugs
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Published on: June 21, 2018

Measuring concurrent adherence to multiple related medications.

Niteesh K Choudhry1, William H Shrank, Raisa L Levin

  • 1Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02120, USA. nchoudhry@partners.org

The American Journal of Managed Care
|July 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measuring patient adherence to multiple diabetes medications yields varied results based on the method used. Standardized adherence measurement is crucial, as different definitions significantly impact study conclusions.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes Research
  • Clinical Pharmacy and Practice
  • Diabetes Mellitus Management

Background:

  • Assessing patient adherence to multiple related medications is complex.
  • Standardized methods are needed to accurately measure concurrent medication adherence.
  • Diabetes mellitus patients often require multiple oral hypoglycemic agents, necessitating adherence evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and apply standardized definitions for measuring concurrent adherence to multiple related medications.
  • To evaluate the impact of different measurement methods on adherence estimates in diabetic patients.
  • To provide a framework for selecting appropriate adherence measurement techniques based on study objectives.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 7567 patients with diabetes prescribed ≥2 oral hypoglycemic agent classes.
  • Adherence measured using prescription-based and interval-based proportion of days covered (PDC).
  • Concurrent adherence calculated via mean PDC, proportion of days with any medication, and proportion of patients with ≥80% PDC for all classes.

Main Results:

  • Concurrent adherence estimates varied widely (35%-95%) depending on the definition applied.
  • Interval-based measures yielded lower adherence estimates than prescription-based methods.
  • Strict adherence definitions (≥80% PDC for all drugs) identified only 30%-40% of patients as adherent.

Conclusions:

  • Variability in adherence estimates significantly impacts conclusions regarding concurrent medication adherence.
  • The choice of adherence measurement technique should align with the specific research question and underlying assumptions.
  • Standardized, clearly defined methods are essential for reliable assessment of medication adherence in complex treatment regimens.