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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Simultaneous neutron scattering and Raman scattering.

Mark A Adams¹, Stewart F Parker, Felix Fernandez-Alonso

¹STFC, ISIS Pulsed Neutron Facility, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX. mark.adams@stfc.ac.uk

Applied Spectroscopy

|July 11, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Simultaneous neutron and Raman scattering measurements were developed for studying materials like lysozyme. This technique allows for detailed analysis of protein structure and dynamics across a wide temperature range.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Biophysics
Spectroscopy

Background:

Simultaneous measurements offer enhanced insights into material properties.
Previous techniques lacked the capability for combined neutron and Raman scattering.
Cryogenic temperatures are crucial for studying molecular dynamics and phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel system for simultaneous neutron and Raman scattering measurements.
To enable in-situ analysis of materials under cryogenic conditions.
To investigate the structural and dynamic properties of globular proteins.

Main Methods:

A custom center-stick integrated with a Raman spectrometer and cryostat.
Fiber-optic coupling for laser delivery to the sample.
Simultaneous inelastic neutron scattering (INS), neutron diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Successful development of a system for combined measurements from 1.5 to 450 K.
Demonstrated capability for Raman spectroscopy with 1-4 cm(-1) resolution over 100-3200 cm(-1).
Highlighted application in studying the globular protein lysozyme.

Conclusions:

The developed system provides a powerful tool for materials characterization.
Simultaneous scattering techniques offer complementary information on structure and dynamics.
This method advances the study of biological molecules under controlled conditions.