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Protein Digestion

Protein Digestion

Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where the highly acidic environment can easily disrupt protein structure by exposing the peptide bonds of polypeptide chains. After polypeptide chains are broken into individual amino acids by a series of digestive enzymes, the amino acids are transported to the liver via the bloodstream to produce energy.

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Wheat starch digestion rate affects broiler performance.

A Gutierrez del Alamo¹, M W A Verstegen, L A Den Hartog

¹Nutreco Poultry and Rabbit Research Centre, Toledo, Spain. a.gutierrez@nutreco.com

Poultry Science

|July 11, 2009

Summary

The rate of starch digestion in wheat varies by cultivar and origin, impacting broiler chicken performance. Optimal growth and feed conversion were observed with a starch digestion rate around 2.2 h⁻¹.

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Agricultural Science
Nutritional Science

Background:

Starch digestion rate (KDS) in wheat can vary due to genetic and environmental factors.
Understanding KDS is crucial for optimizing poultry nutrition and performance.
Previous research has not fully elucidated the impact of wheat KDS on broiler chickens.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the differences in KDS among wheat cultivars and origins.
To assess the impact of varying KDS on broiler chicken growth performance and gut health.
To investigate the relationship between KDS and blood glucose response (glycemic index).

Main Methods:

Two experiments involving 192 and 2,600 broiler chickens were conducted.
Diets were formulated with different wheat cultivars/origins and pea starch substitutions.
Starch and protein digestion were measured in intestinal segments and excreta; growth performance, gut microbiota, and blood glucose were assessed.

Main Results:

Starch digestion rate varied significantly with wheat origin (1.96–2.56 h⁻¹) and cultivar (2.17–2.56 h⁻¹).
Broiler growth and feed conversion ratio improved quadratically with increasing KDS, peaking around 2.2 h⁻¹.
Blood glucose response (glycemic index) was not affected by KDS, indicating it's not a reliable predictor of performance.

Conclusions:

Wheat KDS is influenced by genetic and environmental factors and significantly affects broiler performance.
An optimal KDS range exists for maximizing broiler growth and feed efficiency.
Glycemic index is not a suitable indicator for predicting broiler performance related to starch digestion rate.