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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

Facial pain.

Steven B Graff-Radford1

  • 1The Pain Center Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA. graffs@cshs.orgt

The Neurologist
|July 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Facial pain can stem from various causes, not just psychopathology. This review updates understanding of neuropathic, neurovascular, and musculoskeletal facial pain mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Facial pain is often misdiagnosed as psychogenic when the cause is unclear.
  • Patients may be incorrectly labeled with psychopathology, leading to delayed or inappropriate treatment.
  • Understanding the diverse etiologies of facial pain is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and update the understanding of facial pain disorders.
  • To explore the neuropathic, neurovascular, musculoskeletal, and other systemic origins of facial pain.
  • To elucidate the peripheral and central mechanisms underlying these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical cases and relevant literature on facial pain.
  • Analysis of neuropathic, neurovascular, and musculoskeletal pain mechanisms.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
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Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

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Chronic Constriction Injury of the Rat's Infraorbital Nerve (IoN-CCI) to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
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  • Examination of intracranial and extracranial system involvement in facial pain.

    • Main Results:

    • Facial pain has multifactorial origins, including neuropathic, neurovascular, and musculoskeletal sources.
    • Peripheral and central nervous system mechanisms play significant roles in facial pain.
    • Misattribution to psychogenic causes is common when etiology is not fully understood.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of facial pain requires considering a broad range of potential causes.
    • Understanding underlying mechanisms is key to improving patient outcomes.
    • Further research into the complex etiologies of facial pain is warranted.