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[Mechanisms underlying the aging process and the anti-aging strategy]
1Department of Investigative Pathology, Unit of Basic Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 14, 2009
Summary
Calorie restriction (CR) and genetic changes reducing growth hormone-IGF-1 signaling or mitochondrial respiration promote longevity in mammals. These mechanisms offer insights into aging and anti-aging strategies.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Molecular Biology
- Evolutionary Biology
Context:
- Aging is a complex biological process influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
- Calorie restriction (CR) is a well-studied intervention with demonstrated effects on lifespan in various organisms.
- Progerias offer valuable models for understanding accelerated aging and identifying protective mechanisms.
Purpose:
- To review and synthesize current findings on the mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies in mammals.
- To explore the roles of energy-sensing, neuroendocrine adaptation, and genetic factors in longevity.
- To identify key molecular pathways, including the growth hormone-IGF-1 axis and mitochondrial respiration, involved in aging.
Summary:
- Accumulated research on calorie restriction (CR), longevity assurance genes, and progerias reveals key aging mechanisms.
- An evolutionary perspective highlights energy-sensing and neuroendocrine adaptation to food scarcity as central to CR's effects.
- Genetic modifications reducing the growth hormone-IGF-1 axis or mitochondrial respiration are linked to increased longevity in mammals.
- Progeria models corroborate the protective role of reduced hormonal signals and mitochondrial respiration against genetic instability-induced cellular stress.
Impact:
- The findings pinpoint critical molecular targets and pathways for developing effective anti-aging interventions.
- Understanding these mechanisms can inform strategies to promote healthy aging and combat age-related diseases.
- This review provides a foundation for future research into the genetic and metabolic underpinnings of longevity.
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