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Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Pericarditis is distinguished by inflammation of the pericardium, the fibrous sac that encases the heart. It can be acute, lasting less than six weeks, or chronic, persisting for over three months. Understanding its clinical manifestations and diagnostic findings is crucial for timely and effective management.Clinical ManifestationsWhile pericarditis can be asymptomatic, it usually presents with characteristic symptoms such as:Chest Pain: The most characteristic symptom of pericarditis is chest...

Layers of the Heart Wall

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The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
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Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...

Pericarditis I: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model

Published on: September 2, 2021

Pericardial adhesions simulating myocardial bridging.

Shahid M Khan¹, Walid Hassan, Aly Al Sanei

¹King Faisal Heart Institute, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Asian Cardiovascular & Thoracic Annals

|July 14, 2009

Summary

A patient diagnosed with myocardial bridging via coronary angiography did not have the condition found during surgery. This highlights potential discrepancies between imaging and surgical findings in cardiac assessments.

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Published on: September 15, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Intact Pericardium Ischemic Rodent Model

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Published on: September 2, 2021

Surgical Porcine Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Treated by Exosome-laden Collagen Patch and Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Surgical Porcine Model of Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Treated by Exosome-laden Collagen Patch and Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Surgery
Diagnostic Imaging
Cardiac Anatomy

Background:

Myocardial bridging is a congenital anomaly where a segment of a coronary artery courses through the heart muscle.
Preoperative diagnosis often relies on coronary angiography, which can reveal the extent and severity of the bridging.
Aortic valve disease necessitates careful preoperative evaluation, including assessment of coronary artery anatomy.

Observation:

A 48-year-old male patient with known aortic valve disease underwent preoperative coronary angiography.
The angiography suggested the presence of myocardial bridging.
Surgical exploration for aortic valve repair revealed only pericardial adhesions, with no evidence of myocardial bridging or abnormal epicardial coronary artery course.

Findings:

Coronary angiography indicated myocardial bridging, but surgical findings did not confirm its presence.
Pericardial adhesions were noted during surgery, unrelated to the suspected coronary anomaly.
The epicardial coronary arteries followed a normal anatomical course upon direct visualization.

Implications:

This case underscores the importance of correlating imaging findings with surgical exploration in complex cardiac cases.
Discrepancies between preoperative angiography and intraoperative findings for myocardial bridging can occur.
Further investigation into the sensitivity and specificity of coronary angiography in diagnosing myocardial bridging may be warranted.