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Published on: January 2, 2013
Macrophage activation syndrome in malaria
Rashna Dass1, Himesh Barman, Sourabh Gohain Duwarah
1Department of Paediatric Disciplines, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Room no. 218, Mawdiangdiang, Shillong 793018, India. rashnadass@rediffmail.com
Rheumatology International
|July 14, 2009
Summary
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) can be triggered by infections, not just rheumatologic diseases. This case highlights severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria as a cause of MAS in an adolescent.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, life-threatening hyperinflammation.
- While often associated with rheumatologic conditions, infections can also precipitate MAS.
- Distinguishing MAS from malignant histiocytosis is crucial for appropriate management.
Observation:
- A severe case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an adolescent is presented.
- The patient exhibited clinical and laboratory findings consistent with MAS.
- Six out of eight diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis were met.
Findings:
- Severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria can induce Macrophage Activation Syndrome.
- The syndrome involves excessive proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages.
- This case underscores the infectious etiology of MAS.
Implications:
- Recognizing infectious triggers like malaria is vital for diagnosing MAS.
- Early identification and treatment of MAS in malaria patients can improve outcomes.
- Further research into the mechanisms of infection-induced MAS is warranted.
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