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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
Breath sounds are categorized into vesicular, bronchovesicular, and bronchial.
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm

Respiratory Depth
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
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A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Published on: February 21, 2011

[Multidimensional acoustic analysis of pathological voice].

Mirjana Petrović-Lazić, Snezana Babac, Zoran Ivanković

    Srpski Arhiv Za Celokupno Lekarstvo
    |July 15, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Computer voice analysis objectively verified that vocal therapy improved most acoustic parameters in patients with vocal fold nodules. Continued therapy is recommended for full voice stabilization.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Speech-Language Pathology
    • Acoustic Analysis

    Context:

    • Vocal fold nodules are a common voice disorder.
    • Objective assessment of voice therapy efficacy is crucial.
    • Computerized voice analysis offers precise acoustic measurements.

    Purpose:

    • To objectively evaluate the effectiveness of vocal therapy for vocal fold nodules.
    • To analyze changes in acoustic parameters of the vowel "A" before and after therapy.
    • To verify vocal rehabilitation success using objective data.

    Summary:

    • Thirty female patients with vocal fold nodules underwent one month of vocal therapy.
    • Acoustic parameters of the vowel "A" were analyzed pre- and post-therapy.
    • Eleven of the analyzed acoustic parameters showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01).

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    A Protocol for Comprehensive Assessment of Bulbar Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
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    Published on: February 21, 2011

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    Impact:

    • Vocal therapy demonstrated satisfactory results in improving voice quality.
    • Objective data supports the efficacy of vocal rehabilitation for vocal fold nodules.
    • Continuous therapy is advised for complete voice stabilization.